International Workshop on Our Agriculture Learning Path Nairobi-kenya Kigali-rwanda

 To bring peace to the minds of men and women

Ibaba, "Heavenly Eye". Brooch by French jewelry designer Celeste Mogador, created at the Rwandan embroidery workshop Ibaba Rwanda, which opened after a 19-year hiatus.

A quarter of a century after the horrific 1994 genocide, a new chapter opens in Rwandan history. A long period of national unity and reconciliation has ended, and the country is now taking active steps to spur economic growth and develop new technologies that it hopes will help it become the ICT hub in Africa.

Twenty-five years ago, the bloodiest page in modern African history was written in Rwanda: in a hundred days, a million people lost their lives, leaving behind as many orphans, not counting widows and widowers.

As this horrific tragedy played out in the country, I was in northern Uganda, bordering Rwanda, where I moved as a refugee in 1962 at the age of 17. There I studied at Makerere University, got married and lived until 2008. However, since 1994, I have traveled regularly to Rwanda to care for my relatives' orphaned children and to participate in the rebuilding of my homeland.

And everything was required to restore and rebuild in this wounded country. The first priority of the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF-Inkotanyi), a political party led by current president Paul Kagame, was to end the genocide and restore peace and security. As the president said at a recent meeting of business leaders in Charlotte, North Carolina, USA: "The lessons of history will help us build the future."

In order to build this future, we first had to learn to conjugate the plural verb “to be”. Telling ourselves that we are all representatives of the same people - Banyarwanda. Forget which of us is Tutsi, who is Hutu, and who is Twa. Overcome mutual hatred.

National unity and reconciliation became the main priority in the years following the genocide. To achieve this goal, the traditional gacaca courts, composed of respected community members, have been revived, allowing some cases and accepting or rejecting the accused's local clemency requests. These people's courts gave the surviving victims of the genocide the opportunity to better learn not only about the circumstances of the death of relatives, but also about the criminals who pleaded guilty to the acts committed. The defendants were sentenced to community service or imprisonment, depending on the severity of the crimes. For 10 years, gachach courts have considered 1.9 million cases. They were officially abolished in May 2012.

Consideration of the most serious crimes was carried out in specially designated state judicial bodies. In addition, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was established within the United Nations on 8 November 1994. He acknowledged that "genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes were committed on a horrific scale," and "the murder rate in Rwanda was four times higher than at the height of the Nazi Holocaust." To date, the ICTR has brought charges against 93 individuals identified as organizers and perpetrators of the genocide. 80 of them were brought to trial, and 23 have already served their sentences.

Another traditional method, revived after the genocide, allowed citizens to participate in the country's public life. This is a special approach to planning and management (called imihigo), which involves the conclusion of annual contracts with individuals for the performance of work and the subsequent assessment of their results by the community. In the old days, such agreements were concluded orally during special ceremonies. Today they are drawn up on paper and secured by signature, but their essence remains the same. This method has significantly improved the quality of public services in modern Rwanda, which has opted for a consensus model of democracy and the principle of separation of powers.

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Economic development is accompanied by the country's growing participation in regional economic structures and activities of the international community. Thus, it ranks fourth among the countries with the largest number of citizens participating in UN peacekeeping operations, in which about 6,550 people from Rwanda are involved.

However, the main task of the country is to ensure inclusive development, in connection with which investments are aimed primarily at strengthening human potential. At the same time, women are given a central place in public life. The Rwandan Black Spring cost them dearly, with between 100,000 and 250,000 women victims of rape and sexual assault, heinous weapons of war recognized as acts of genocide by the ICTR. Many of them have died of AIDS, which they contracted as a result of the attacks.

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